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• Qin Yinglin, chairman of Muyuan Foodstuff, almost quadrupled his wealth to US$16.6 billion, as China’s pork crisis has sent the company’s shares through the roof
• Jack Ma, former chairman of Alibaba Group Holding, once again topped the Forbes list with a net worth of US$38.2 billion

China’s richest 400 people got a lot richer this year. The ongoing US-China trade war and the country’s slowing economic growth hardly had any effect as their combined wealth grew by nearly 22 per cent to US$1.29 trillion from US$1.06 trillion last year, according to Forbes Asia.

More than half of the tycoons on the list saw their fortunes rise this year, with those involved in consumer-focused industries racking up large gains.

The total wealth of the richest top 10 rose from US$214.7 billion in 2018, a year which saw significant declines in net worth, to US$246 billion this year.

The threshold for making the top 400 was US$1 billion, up from US$840 million last year.

The top 10 richest people in China saw their total wealth climb US$31.3 billion as China’s economy refocuses on consumer spending

Name	Net Worth (November 2019)	Industry
Jack Ma	US$38.2 billion	E-commerce
Pony Ma Huateng	US$36 billion	Internet/E-commerce
Hui Kayan	US$27.7 billion	Property
Sun Piaoyang	US$25.8 billion	Pharmaceuticals
Yang Huiyan	US$23.9 billion	Property
He Xiangjian	US$23.2 billion	Appliances
Colin Huang	US$21.2 billion	E-commerce
William Ding	US$17.2 billion	Online gaming
Qin Yinglin	US$16.6 billion	Pig farming
Zhang Yiming	US$16.2 billion	Online media

Topping the list once again was Jack Ma, former chairman of Alibaba Group Holding, whose net worth climbed to US$38.2 billion from US$34.6 billion last year, as New York-listed Alibaba gained on China’s continuing e-commerce boom. Alibaba owns the South China Morning Post.

Pony Ma Huateng, founder of Alibaba’s top internet rival Tencent Holdings, came in at No. 2 with US$36 billion.

E-commerce continues to drive the fortunes of China’s richest.

Colin Huang, chief executive of Pinduoduo, saw his net worth rise to US$21.2 billion this year from US$11.25 billion last year as its share price has risen in the past year from US$18 per share to over US$43. This is despite China’s third largest e-commerce company continuing to generate losses.

Tycoons whose companies provide services related to e-commerce, such as Lai Meisong, chief executive of Alibaba-backed express delivery firm ZTO, also did well. Lai’s net worth grew more than US$1.2 billion to US$4.6 billion.Anta Sports, a shoe company based in Jinjiang, China’s shoe capital, has minted four billionaires alone. Founders and brothers Ding Shizhong and Ding Shijia, were ranked 53 and 56, respectively, as the share price of Hong Kong listed Anta has more than doubled since last year, yielding them fortunes of US$5.6 billion and US$5.5 billion. Two Anta executives, chief financial officer Lai Shixian, a Ding brother-in-law, and Wang Wenmo, a cousin, also made the billionaire list.

David Wang, head of China economics for Credit Suisse, noted that an increasing number of billionaires were from the consumer services sector.

“China’s economy is transitioning towards a consumption-driven economy, specifically towards service consumption. Hence, any company that can enhance consumer experience would enjoy a comparative advantage,” Wang said.

China’s stalled car market, the world’s largest, hit the personal wealth of Geely Group chairman and owner of Volvo, Li Shufu. His net worth dropped from US$14.2 billion to US$12.9 billion, taking him out of the top 10.

China’s pork crisis, brought on by African Swine Fever, which has decimated the world’s largest pig population and driven up the prices of the meat in the world’s largest consuming nation, has been good for Qin Yinglin.

The chairman of Muyuan Foodstuff, which trades in pigs, has seen his net worth climb from US$4.2 billion in March to US$16.6 billion in October, thanks to the meteoric rise of Muyuan shares. Since the start of 2019, Muyuan’s Shanghai-listed shares have more than tripled to 96 yuan, from 29 yuan.

• Beijing has decided that the Chinese economy needs to reduce reliance on real estate industry, says Sun Hongbin, majority stockholder in Sunac
• Current property market controls are unlikely to be relaxed in near future, Sun says

The Chinese government is unlikely to ease its controls over the domestic property market, so developers should consider branching out into other industries, according to billionaire real estate tycoon Sun Hongbin.

“Moving the economy away from relying too much on real estate is highly political and it is the country’s choice for a long-term strategy. We must understand this adjustment,” said Sun, the founder and chairman of Hong Kong-listed property developer Sunac, in a speech in Beijing on November 5 and published on Wednesday in local media.

“Many people think that the pressure [on the housing market] is so big now, when will they ease? I say it is unlikely [that they will do so],” he added.The speech by Sun, who was ranked at No 20 on Forbes’ China rich list this year with an estimated net worth of US$10 billion, highlights the dilemma facing China’s real estate industry given the government’s increasingly heavy-handed approach to managing the housing market and the economy. Beijing and local governments have sought to crack down on speculation in the real estate market and hold the rise in housing prices by introducing a series of measures such as tightening funds flowing into the sector, restricting property sales to local residents, increasing down payment requirements and putting price caps on new houses.

For real estate companies, this control [from Beijing] must not be regarded as short-term, it is for the long-term – and it is a national strategySun Hongbin

While the downward pressure on Chinese growth is likely to grow in coming years, Beijing is unlikely to make a U-turn in its strategy to take the steps necessary to achieve “high-quality growth”, Sun said.

“For real estate companies, this control [from Beijing] must not be regarded as short-term, it is for the long-term – and it is a national strategy,” Sun stressed.

“Economic growth does not need to be so high, 4 per cent is quite good, this industry [real estate] is too important, but it takes up too much [in the way of resources],” Sun said. “In addition, the pillar of the general secretary’s [Xi Jinping] theory is that the people are the centrepiece, and Chairman Mao talked about serving the people … serving the people means property prices can’t go up.”The world’s second largest economy is growing at the slowest rate in decades, posting gross domestic growth (GDP) growth of just 6 per cent in the third quarter this year amid the trade war with the United States. So far Beijing has resisted launching large-scale stimulus even as exports are falling and domestic demand is weakening.

The real estate sector, including construction, remains key driver of China’s economic growth, accounting for around 30 per cent of the nation’s GDP. Land sales to developers also accounts for up to 40 per cent of local government revenues. Commercial bank loans made to the real estate sector slowed from almost 30 per cent in 2017 to below 20 per cent in 2019, according to a report by credit rating agency Moody’s.

Sun also warned that the industry needed to reduce its overall leverage – the level of debt to sales. In addition, it should reduce its reliance on housing sales and branch out to offer “value-added” products that target consumption such as tourism, education and health care.

Sunac, which already has a tourism business, said last month that it planned to work with Tsinghua University in Beijing and the city government of Qingdao in Shandong province to establish a 4.5 billion yuan (US$642 million) medical services centre as its entry into the health care market.

“Our proposal in this area [value-added products] is mainly for five years and 10 years ahead, because it is very difficult to make money right now. We must be calm and steady, we must think about scale and high quality growth,” Sun said.

Being lonely hurts — it can even negatively impact your health. But the mere act of being alone with oneself doesn’t have to be bad, and experts say it can even benefit your social relationships, improve your creativity and confidence, and help you regulate your emotions so that you can better deal with adverse situations.

“It’s not that solitude is always good, but it can be good” if you’re open to rejecting the idea — common in the west — that time by yourself is always a negative experience you’re being forced into, according to Thuy-vy Nguyen, an assistant professor in the department of psychology at Durham University, who studies solitude.

“We have some evidence to show that valuing solitude doesn’t really hurt your social life, in fact, it might add to it,” she said, pointing out that because solitude helps us regulate our emotions, it can have a calming effect that prepares us to better engage with others.

Choosing to spend time doing things by yourself can have mental, emotional and social benefits, but the key to reaping those positive rewards comes from choosing to spend time alone. In a culture where we often confuse being alone for loneliness, the ability to appreciate time by ourselves prevents us from processing the experience as a negative thing. In fact, getting better at identifying moments when we need solitude to recharge and reflect can help us better handle negative emotions and experiences, like stress and burnout, said Emily Roberts, a psychotherapist.

The added bonus? Getting started is easy — all you need is yourself.

Why it’s hard to spend time alone

“Historically, solitude has had a pretty bad rap” because it is sometimes used as a form of punishment, said Robert Coplan, a developmental psychologist and professor of psychology at Carleton University.

The problem is that we forget solitude can also be a choice — and it doesn’t have to be full time. Because there is so much research demonstrating that humans are social creatures who benefit from interacting with others, “people will try to dismiss that it’s also important to spend time alone,” he said. “It’s hard for them to imagine that you can have both.”

“Some people make their solitude experience entirely about other people,” Dr. Nguyen added. Research has shown that people often feel inhibited from enjoying activities alone, especially when they think others are watching them. Overestimating how much other people are paying attention to us, and worrying that we’re being judged, can stop us from doing things that would otherwise bring us joy.

Being alone with your thoughts, and giving yourself the space and unstructured time to let your mind wander without social distractions, can also sometimes feel intimidating, said Angela Grice, a speech language pathologist who has conducted research on executive functions and neuroscience at Howard University and the Neurocognition of Language Lab at Columbia University.

“There have been studies that show when we are by ourselves, what is uncomfortable is the lack of stimuli, that you can’t rely on other people to shape your experience in a certain way,” Dr. Nguyen said.

Our aversion to being alone can be quite drastic: A quarter of the women and two-thirds of the men in a University of Virginia study chose to subject themselves to an electric shock rather than do nothing and spend time alone with their thoughts.

Why it’s good to spend time alone

An online survey called The Rest Test showed that the majority of activities people defined as most restful are things that are done solo.

Despite the social stigma and apprehension about spending time alone, it’s something our bodies crave. Similar to how loneliness describes being alone and wanting company, “aloneliness” can be used to describe the natural desire for solitude, Dr. Coplan said. Since we’re not used to labeling that feeling, it can easily be confused for, and feed into, other feelings like anxiety, exhaustion and stress, especially since “we might not know that time alone is what we need to make ourselves feel better,” Dr. Coplan added.

Enjoying the benefits of time alone isn’t a question of being an introvert or extrovert, Dr. Nguyen said. More consistently, people who value solitude and who tend not to ignore their own desires in the pursuit of pleasing others will find time alone more enjoyable, she said.

The freedom of not having to follow the lead of others, with “no pressure to do anything, no pressure to talk to anyone, no obligation to make plans with people,” is a great way to process and decompress, even for highly social individuals, Ms. Roberts said. It also helps us discover new interests and ideas without having to worry about the opinions of others — one study even showed that teens are less self-conscious when they’re alone.

“Cultivating this sense of being alone and making the choice to be alone can help you to develop who you are, your sense of self, and what your true interests are,” Dr. Grice said. Knowing oneself makes it easier to find other people who share your passions, and can improve your empathy. It can also help you re-evaluate “filler” friendships: relationships you maintain because you’d rather do anything on a Friday night besides staying at home by yourself, even at the cost of spending time with people whose company you don’t enjoy.

Time with your thoughts sans social distractions can also be restorative, build your confidence and make it easier for you to maintain boundaries, Ms. Roberts said. In addition, it can boost productivity, engagement with others and creativity, and a study published in Current Directions in Psychological Science found that brainstorming was enhanced when participants alternated between brainstorming alone and with a group.

How to do it

In a twist on the golden rule: treat yourself as you would treat others. Don’t flake. Be open to exploring new interests. Make space in your life and put in the time, even if it’s just spending 30 minutes a week reading at a cafe.

If you’re just getting started, “take small steps,” Dr. Grice suggests. Time spent alone is a great opportunity to explore new interests, but it doesn’t mean you have to totally push yourself outside of your comfort zone. And if the thought of spending time alone is especially stressful or triggering, that could be an important sign that you may need professional support, Dr. Grice adds.

But if you’re at a loss as to how to jump in, “plan out something that you know that you will enjoy doing, maybe something that helps you feel more productive, or helps you be more relaxed,” Dr. Nguyen said.

If you’re having an especially hard time listening to the thoughts inside your head, journaling can be a great way of working through and evaluating those emotions, Ms. Roberts said. And though it’s tempting, “try not to be on your phone, because it’s too big of a distraction.” Instead, Dr. Coplan suggests reading, making crafts, going to a movie, grabbing a meal, visiting a park, trying to learn a new skill or any one of the infinite options available besides making your alone time about other people and obsessively checking social media.

Ultimately, each person will have a different ideal balance between how much time they spend alone and with others, but “nobody is going to be optimally served by doing only one or the other,” he said.

Above all, the most important step in being able to reap the benefits of time alone is simple, Dr. Nguyen said: “Take the opportunity to say, ‘This is the time where I can give something to myself,’ and just endorse that, in this moment, you are your first choice.”

2019/11/07

德国宝马当地时间11月6日发布的2019年7~9月财报显示，净利润同比增长12%至15.21亿欧元。在中国的高档车销售表现坚挺。上年同期燃效测试方法的变更引发的市场混乱导致宝马利润下滑，其反作用也推高了利润增幅。销售额增长8%至266亿欧元。

7~9月销量同比增长4%，达到61万3361辆。“X3”等利润率较高的SUV表现坚挺。集团整体在华销量增长了10%。宝马首席财务官（CFO）尼古拉斯•彼得在电话记者会上表示，“中国业务的增长率超出预期”。

白通社明斯克11月5日电。白通社从白罗斯领导人新闻服务处报道。白罗斯总统亚历山大·卢卡申科继续在阿联酋的访问。11月5日，白罗斯国家元首会见了阿联酋副总统，总理兼国防部长，迪拜酋长国酋长穆罕默德·本·拉希德·阿里—马克图姆。

提及了两国间进行高水平的政治对话，并定期接触，在贸易、经济、科学技术和人文领域强化发展合作。宣布准备加强白罗斯—阿联酋所有领域的合作。

亚历山大·卢卡申科强调，白罗斯不仅对贸易关系的发展感兴趣，而且对联合项目的实施和经验交流也很感兴趣。 这次会议特别讨论了运输和物流，金融领域的有前景的项目。 其中之一是在阿联酋方的帮助下在明斯克建造国际金融中心。 目前，正在实施该项目的概念的开发。

持续的投资合作，包括在农业领域，具有很大的潜力。 在这方面，正在讨论建立合资企业并随后销售农产品和食品的可能性。 阿联酋对白罗斯在信息和通信技术领域的发展经验也很感兴趣。

另外，这是为阿拉伯联合酋长国为“ EXPO 2020”世界博览会做准备的问题。 尤其是白罗斯方面的参与，使白罗斯国家馆以最佳形式展示并以最高效率运作。

亚历山大·卢卡申科和穆罕默德•本•拉希德•阿里—马克图姆酋长在正式晚宴上继续保持联系。结束后白罗斯国家元首感谢款待，并赠送了白罗斯艺术家安德烈·西特科的一幅名为《马》的画。另一个传统的礼物是装有白罗斯肉和奶制品、糖果的篮子。

据越南水产品加工和出口协会的消息，11月5日，美国《联邦纪事》（Federal Register）公布了美国农业部食品安全检验局(FSIS)的法律文件，其中公认越南为具备资质向美国出口鲶鱼的国家。

越通社河内——据越南水产品加工和出口协会的消息，11月5日，美国《联邦纪事》（Federal Register）公布了美国农业部食品安全检验局(FSIS)的法律文件，其中公认越南为具备资质向美国出口鲶鱼的国家。

FSIS确认，越南鲶鱼监管系统与美国等效。FSIS正对其鲶鱼监管系统进行修改以将越南列为有资质向美国出口鲶鱼的国家名录。

对于越南输美的鲶鱼产品，首先越南有关机关须签发输美资质证书，其后FSIS继续在美国各入境处对进口产品进行检查。

此外，FSIS也将取样，然后在实验室再对样品进行分析以发现进口商品中农用化学残留物或病原体。达标的产品将准许进入美国市场。

据FSIS的统计， 自2014年至2018年期间，美国从越南进口的鲶鱼量占该国鲶鱼进口总量的91.2%。

越南农业与农村发展部农林水产品质量管理局局长阮如捷评价称，此次美国确认越南输美鲶鱼产品监管系统等效一事为今后推动越南查鱼（鲶鱼的一种）产业可持续发展注入强劲动力，其不仅刺激向美国出口、而且还有助于促进对其他市场的出口活动。

阮如捷还强调，此事也表明越南出口查鱼的生产链和加工链的质量和安全监管能力已满足各项苛刻要求，有助于越南查鱼更容易地进军美国和其他市场。

值得注意的是，越南也将能补充注册向美国出口查鱼的企业，更重要的是树立起美进口商对越南产品的信心，从而提升2019年底越南对美国的查鱼出口量和出口额。

2018年5月，FSIS代表团对越南进行实地考察并公认，越南鲶鱼在生产、加工和出口过程中所采用的食品安全控制体系完全满足美国的规定。

2018年9月，FSIS公布了公认鲶鱼监管系统的草案以征集公众的意见，结果显示，民众支持率高达80%。到2019年10月31日，美国农业部已正式公布越南鲶鱼安全与质量控制系统与美国等效。

2015年12月，美国出台《鲶形目鱼类及其产品强制检验律例》，规定出口国必需参照美国监管系统对输美鲶鱼实施等效监管，不然将丧失对美出口资格。

一项研究结果显示，若雇主成功鼓励员工做到世界卫生组织（WHO）建议的运动指导方针，就可促进世界经济，一年规模达1000亿美元之多。

路透社报道，英国“活力”健康保险集团（Vitality）及智库“兰德欧洲”（RAND Europe）研究发现，每天多步行15分钟，或每天固定慢跑一公里，或许可以改善生产力及延长预期寿命，也就能带动经济成长。

这项研究的作者表示，经济成长的动能主要来自死亡率降低，也就是活着的人口更多，能劳动、对经济有贡献的时间更长，员工请病假的天数也更少。

“兰德欧洲”主席庞恩（Hans Pung）说，这项研究凸显“不运动与生产力降低之间的显着关联”，应能给予决策者及雇主有关如何提升人民及员工生产力的新观点。

世界卫生组织建议成人每周应至少做150分钟中度运动或75分钟剧烈运动。去年一项研究发现，约40%的美国成人、36%的英国成人、14%的中国成人所做的运动不足以保持健康。

“活力”健康保险集团及“兰德欧洲”的研究有部分以来自7国、约12万人的数据为基础，然后为全球及23个单一国家建立模型，预测增加体能活动带来的潜在经济利益。

研究结果发现，若所有18岁到64岁成人每天多走15分钟，就可能在一年期的比较中增加约1000亿美元的全球经济产出。

研究还发现，不运动的40岁成人每天若慢跑20分钟，平均可增加3.2岁的预期寿命。

俄罗斯卫星通讯社莫斯科11月1日电 俄罗斯远东吸引投资和出口支持署投资经理瓦西里∙波将金表示，在远东超前发展区的外国投资中中国投资占59.1%。

远东与北极发展部官网援引波将金称：“中国是远东地区的主要投资伙伴之一。其中，中国投资者参与了49个超前发展区和符拉迪沃斯托克自由港的项目，总投资27亿美元。另有总额超过230亿美元的40个投资项目正在筹备阶段。”
波特金介绍称，中国资本参与的最大项目是中国黄金集团参与的金矿项目、China Energy参与的煤炭项目、中国成达工程有限公司参与的纳霍德卡矿物肥料工厂、中鼎联合牧业股份有限公司参与的牛奶厂等项目。

据俄罗斯远东与北极发展部的数据，2018年远东地区与中国的贸易增长26%，达到97亿美元，而在2019年上半年增长了21%，达到49亿美元。

不是新观点的观点

俄罗斯独立工会联合会副主席亚历山大·舍尔舒科夫（Aleksandr Shershukov）说：“主要是用人单位要明白，缩短工作周天数并不是说要按比例降低薪资，薪资应该维持在之前的水平不变。”如果该提议获得政府的支持，那么工作周天数具体是多少这一问题工会暂时还很难回答。他说：“如果开始讨论的话，这将是主题。我们要选择在这种情况下要参考哪个标准，每周工作27个小时的荷兰还是法国（35个小时），以及奥地利和德国（38个小时），或者是每周工作60个小时的中国。问题是从劳动法和社会保障的角度看，我们应该参考哪个方向，欧洲还是亚洲？”

在提请大家注意目前全世界都在积极讨论改为每周四天工作制可能性的同时，俄罗斯独立工会联合会提出通过优化劳动和休息时间缩短工作周的想法，而且必须要维持之前的薪资水平。提议说：“我们建议在协调社会劳动关系三方委员会中审议该问题，要同时考虑到现行的薪资制度、工作时间机制的差异以及俄罗斯劳工组织的其他特征。”

该提议并不是刚刚提出的，早在今年6月俄政府总理梅德韦杰夫（Dmirty Medvedev）在日内瓦第108届国际劳工大会上就提出过要为俄罗斯人推行每周四天工作制。他说：“技术进步不仅可以压缩工作岗位，也可以减少工作时间并增加休息时间。未来每周四天工作制很可能会成为社会劳动合同的基础。我提请大家回顾一下一百年前亨利·福特（Henry Ford）决定将每周工作时间从48小时减为40小时，从而显著提高了劳动生产率。”梅德韦杰夫还提到推行每周四天工作制的一家新西兰企业的经验。第三天休息日的薪资与其他两天休息日是一样的。结果每小时劳动生产率提高了约20%，员工的压力则显著减轻。

舍尔舒科夫认为劳动生产率与每周工作时间无关。他说：“德国人工作的小时数比俄罗斯人少三分之一，劳动效率却更高。他们使用更先进的管理方法和技术装备。但这是用人单位应做的，他们应更积极地增加技术装备投入。届时我国的劳动生产率也会提高。”

劳动法的规定

俄罗斯劳动法规定俄罗斯职工每周工作时间最长不得超过40个小时，就是说禁止工作得更多，但少工作多少都可以。俄劳动部指出：“没有下限。因此，在社会伙伴关系（集体协议）框架内，如今已经可以减少每天的工作小时数或者每周的工作天数。”然而，很少有用人单位这样做。如果改为每周四天工作制，任何一家企业都需要优化升级。“但改造升级成本可能太高，企业没有做好这方面支出的准备”，俄罗斯总统国民经济与行政学院经济与社会科学系企业管理与经营教研室主任叶甫根尼·伊察科夫（Evgeny Itsakov）说，“该提议与编码化和数字化完全无关，我们需要过渡到一个新的技术结构才可以谈论推行每周四天工作制的问题”。

他认为缩短工作周无论如何都是温和社会政策的标志。伊察科夫说：“希腊人实行每周四天工作制的结局是国家破产。法国实行每周35小时工作制后人均GDP大幅下降。”

因此，显然无论是有这样机会的企业还是劳动者本身都不愿缩短工作日或工作周（据全俄民意研究中心数据显示，近一半/48%/的俄罗斯人不支持将工作周缩短至四天的想法）。人们担心（并非没有理由）收入降低。

俄罗斯普列汉诺夫经济大学组织管理创新教研室副教授米哈伊尔·哈恰图良（Mikhail Khachaturyan）说：“在延长劳动时间以及实际工资没有增加的情况下缩短工作周很可能会对劳动者造成负面影响，就是说在收入不变的情况下我们会工作得更多，劳动效率却不会提高。”他认为在维持每天工作小时数不变的情况下缩短工作周将导致工资减少，即用人单位可以节省劳动开支。俄政府副总理塔季扬娜·格里科娃（Tatyana Golikova）此前也曾表达过同样的担忧。她说：“提出每周四天工作制这一问题的同时首先应该考虑到公民的社会保障问题以及他们能够拿到多少工资。”

俄劳动部表示，该问题需要工会和用人单位参与讨论。俄罗斯独立工会联合会预计将于九月开始讨论这一问题。

根据俄罗斯统计局的数据，去年头九个月俄居民贫困率低于13.3%，与2017年同期（13.8%）相比，明显下降。俄劳动和社会保障部长马克西姆·托皮林宣布，此前俄在八个地区启动试点项目减少收入水平低于最低生活标准的家庭数量。这是一项排查低收入家庭并为其制定个性化脱贫路径的实验计划。预计从2021年开始这项工作计划将在全国展开，为此将启用国家社会保障统一信息系统。

新举措的意义

俄罗斯普列汉诺夫经济大学经济理论教研室副教授叶卡捷琳娜·诺维科娃（Ekaterina Novikova）说：“劳动和社会保障部长马克西姆·托皮林将信息技术用于减少俄罗斯贫困人口的想法包括大数据管理，是非常客观并经过足够论证的，考虑了世界和我国的数字经济发展状况。”她说，现代技术可以保证针对个人和家庭制定个性化方案，解决其所遇困难，包括失业和其他社会经济问题。叶卡捷琳娜·诺维科娃说：“因此，有很大概率可通过精确分析每个地区的家庭状况，来解决俄罗斯的贫困问题。”

根据俄国家统计局的资料，俄罗斯年收入低于最低生活标准的居民约有2000万，占全国人口的13%。诺维科娃说：“谈到有足够购买力水平的真实收入，则约3600万人或25%的人口位于贫困线以下，即无法为家庭提供必需的食品和药品保障。”她说，因此理应努力减少国内不平等现象，包括通过使用信息技术的精确方法。俄总统直属国民经济与国家行政学院社会分析与预测研究所养老体系研究和社会学领域精算预测实验室主任叶莲娜·格里申娜（Elena Grishina）说：“这是一项必要举措，因为需要查明贫困的具体情况，制定帮助具体人群的特别措施，并针对具体情形开展精确工作，制定降低风险的行动计划。”

替代方法

叶莲娜·格里申娜说，可以有不同的反贫困补充措施，包括提高劳动技能的综合措施，比如为劳动技能低的各种人群提供培训，在创造幼托机构体系的框架内为带孩子的妇女提供一系列就业工具，帮助弱势群体就业，其中包括多子女家庭、残疾人、带小孩的母亲。她说：“接下来是完善社会扶持体系，强化救济的针对性，即在更大程度上将社会扶持资源集中到更需要的人身上，提高救济规模，启用贫困家庭走出生活困境的社会合同体系。”她说，这意味着应实施一系列综合措施，在具体地区产生减贫效果。

自由财经投资公司分析师阿纳斯塔西娅·索斯诺娃（Anastasia Sosnova）认为更有效的办法是评估家庭资产和潜在收入能力，因为负担因素越多，社会救济的理由越多。她说：“此外，还可以提供食品券、医疗券、校餐补偿、幼托费补偿以代替金钱救济，我认为这样才能让收到的资金用到实处。”