巴塞尔新资本协议（中英文）对照版

巴塞尔新资本协议（中英文）对照版

概 述

导言
1. 巴塞尔银行监管委员会（以下简称委员会）现公布巴塞尔新资本协议（Basel II, 以下简称巴塞尔II）第三次征求意见稿（CP3，以下简称第三稿）。第三稿的公布是构建新资本充足率框架的一项重大步骤。委员会的目标仍然是在今年第四季度完成新协议，并于2006年底在成员国开始实施。

2. 委员会认为，完善资本充足率框架有两方面的公共政策利好。一是建立不仅包括最低资本而且还包括监管当局的监督检查和市场纪律的资本管理规定。二是大幅度提高最低资本要求的风险敏感度。
3. 完善的资本充足率框架，旨在促进鼓励银行强化风险管理能力，不断提高风险评估水平。委员会认为，实现这一目标的途径是，将资本规定与当今的现代化风险管理作法紧密地结合起来，在监管实践中并通过有关风险和资本的信息披露，确保对风险的重视。
4. 委员会修改资本协议的一项重要内容，就是加强与业内人士和非成员国监管人员之间的对话。通过多次征求意见，委员会认为，包括多项选择方案的新框架不仅适用于十国集团国家，而且也适用于世界各国的银行和银行体系。
5. 委员会另一项同等重要的工作，就是研究参加新协议定量测算影响分析各行提出的反馈意见。这方面研究工作的目的，就是掌握各国银行提供的有关新协议各项建议对各行资产将产生何种影响。特别要指出，委员会注意到，来自40多个国家规模及复杂程度各异的350多家银行参加了近期开展的定量影响分析（以下称简QIS3）。正如另一份文件所指出，QIS3的结果表明，调整后新框架规定的资本要求总体上与委员会的既定目标相一致。

6. 本文由两部分内容组成。第一部分简单介绍新资本充足框架的内容及有关实施方面的问题。在此主要的考虑是，加深读者对新协议银行各项选择方案的认识。第二部分技术性较强，大体描述了在2002年10月公布的QIS3技术指导文件之后对新协议有关规定所做的修改。
第一部分 新协议的主要内容
7. 新协议由三大支柱组成：一是最低资本要求，二是监管当局对资本充足率的监督检查，三是信息披露。三大支柱的内容概括如下：

Introduction
1. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (the Committee) is releasing this overview paper as an accompaniment to its third consultative paper (CP3) on the New Basel Capital Accord (also known as Basel II). The issuance of CP3 represents an important step in putting the new capital adequacy framework in place. The Committee’s goal continues to be to finalise the New Accord by the fourth quarter of this year with implementation to take effect in member countries by year end 2006.
2. The Committee believes that important public policy benefits can be obtained by improving the capital adequacy framework along two important dimensions. First, by developing capital regulation that encompasses not only minimum capital requirements, but also supervisory review and market discipline. Second, by increasing substantially the risk sensitivity of the minimum capital requirements.
3. An improved capital adequacy framework is intended to foster a strong emphasis on risk management and to encourage ongoing improvements in banks’ risk assessment capabilities. The Committee believes this can be accomplished by closely aligning banks’ capital requirements with prevailing modern risk management practices, and by ensuring that this emphasis on risk makes its way into supervisory practices and into market discipline through enhanced risk- and capital-related disclosures.
4. A critical component of the Committee’s efforts to revise the Basel Accord has been its extensive dialogue with industry participants and with supervisors from outside member countries. As a result of these consultations, the Committee believes the new framework with its various options will be suitable not only within the G10 but also for banks and for countries around the world to apply to their banking systems.